The trees you choose to landscape
your home not only add beauty, they can help cut energy costs by providing
shade in the summer and buffering cold winds in the winter. Trees clean the
air, reduce noise, create privacy and can increase a property’s value by
improving the appearance.
It is important to consider a
number of factors when choosing the right trees for your particular environment
and the best locations to plant trees in your yard.
Environmental factors to consider:
·
Temperature. Low
temperatures, especially if they occur suddenly, can freeze and kill the living
cells in certain types of trees. Factors that influence temperature such as elevation
and which side of a hill the tree will be planted on also need to be considered.
·
Moisture. Do you
live in a dry or wet climate? Does your yard periodically flood, or is it continually
exposed to the drying effect of wind? Watering can be modified on a dry site,
but it is still important to know the optimal soil moisture requirements for
your species.
·
Shade. Some
species, like white birch and most pines, require full sunlight. Other species,
like most maples, hemlocks and yews, grow well in shade.
·
Insects and
disease. Every locality has its problems with particular insects or
diseases. Although it is possible to buy
varieties that have been bred for resistance to a disease, it is asking for trouble
planting a species which is prone to local pests because it places the tree
under stress.
·
Soil. Soil
depth, structure and pH, in addition to moisture, can make the difference
between success or failure. For example, deep-rooted species will need adequate
soil depth for their structural roots, whereas shallow-rooted species may be
fine on sites with just a thin layer of soil over bedrock or hard clay.
·
Pollution. The
accumulative effects of pollution can impact your trees. For example, some
species are more sensitive to pollutants such as salt spray from the ocean or
street de-icing.
After choosing a species that will
grow well in your environment, your next consideration is where the tree should
be planted in your yard, depending on whether your goal is shade, protection,
or purely for cosmetic purposes.
Trees planted to provide shade provide
a greater cooling effect than man-made structures because they not only block
the rays of the sun, they add water to the air through transpiration. Position
the tree where you want the shadow during the hottest time of the day and year.
When planting trees as windbreaks
and screens, low-branching conifers that hold their foliage are most effective
for screening unsightly areas and providing privacy. Noise is best
reduced by tall, densely planted
trees with fleshy, broad leaves. Combining these two types can provide noise
reduction as well as filter dust from adjacent street traffic year-round.
To improve your property’s
appearance, one good principle is to never locate a tree where it will split
your lot or a view into equal halves. To give the lot an appearance of greater
depth, plant on a diagonal line outward from the front corners of the house.
Trees planted behind the house and to the side will provide background. Trees
with color or some other showy feature can be used as accent points. Small,
narrow-crowned species will define boundaries without invading your neighbor’s
space.
If you are unsure of what trees to
choose to suit your goals, you can ask a certified arborist, nursery
professional, urban forester, or extension agent. For more information on
choosing the right tree, visit the Arbor Day Foundation at www.arborday.org or contact the Home Builders Association of the Grand Traverse Area, Inc. at ww.whbagta.com.